ࡱ> ngeS,iR|xPNG  IHDRL;sBITOPLTEU|ltRNS0JbKGDHIDATxے DV[ Xj1$v2(mFLw=StuC ٤ҫ >lZ5V؜fK،*6Fu)E 6:>!3~zHϮ}YILRT(%/V3Of\-t;λ_D կW^Zvإf)TK1Qg꫸ XB @+&>P/\ߥԅk_Oov>m$b >pmpmUnaSVhSfio)m؀/^M))7cCz8hu N직 'WF G4iل#F7.۶)??}pL9w]`v]Ldd%U4bnޛ밝~*JMW+&TIG9t w;xih4-@v۩`1L<'% :Z!3G^"!t03O$fN*zW{Uٙ 5q8Y&VQ`c*i(FT0UajEbH( yQM`@x+!U5I;7Xq-X6" 3/Ev3 lA =`LE+#a2^`j :΢O㽶 g .4w#yVҳ ʅlE0 j#9\]`RA4WC68T3>`,d $.v4LUu$dP8 s:#.v:ifbЏ@6*рT؝GM)952vf|~7Т|:ҵ? 7~lMzH0_H y/0K<0 @uK^Nr#(x %wU~LT~Ldsp^IENDB`I(o / 00DTimes New Roman49x`v 0x( 0DArialNew Roman49x`v 0x( 0" DWingdingsRoman49x`v 0x( 0X0DVerdanasRoman49x`v 0x( 0X" b .  @n?" dd@  @@``  &    L'gH         !"#$%&O$$$b$Y:C x1? @8, g4ddddv 0lppp@ <4!d!d` 0( :g4VdVdv 0lpp8 pp<4BdBd` 0( :uʚ;2Nʚ;<4dddd{ 0:2___PPT9/ 0? %O =-= Grid Computing - an Introduction$!(Richard Troy, Chief Scientist@9What is Grid Computing?Think Electric Power Grid The term  Grid suggests a metaphor between computing goals and an electric grid that unites power producers with consumers. In practice,  Grid Computing consists of a very specific set of technologies to unite specific computing partners in a  virtual organization paradigm. Grid computing shouldn t be confused with  Utility or  High-Performance computing or Distributed Processing - nor is it peer-to-peer. Grid s goal is to provide a software infrastructure to manage compute and storage resources between nodes hosted by different organizations. 20Z2 20Z2|y      VP#What is Grid Computing? (continued)$#(Grids are always one-off instances and are purpose-built. When we talk about Grid Systems, we re talking about the software used to create Grids, not Grids themselves. Management of CPU, storage and, to a lesser extent, network resources are assumed of all Grids. Most  Grids today fall far short of Grid s goals, as understood by the Global Grid Forum (GGF).l9n^ aWQWhat s GGF?dThe Global Grid Forum: GGF is an organization that hopes to come up with Grid  middleware standards: "working group" and "research group forums for discussing ideas Interest areas include "scheduling", "storage", "security", etc. GGF hopes to develop standards that the whole community will adhere to.gINHNI(Is Grid a Scientific Computing solution?))$LNo! Not at all! Grid addresses resource utilization among partners. You still have all the scientific computing challenges you d have had if you kept your computing to your own system(s). There are those who are trying to address these other needs, but this isn t a part of  Grid Computing."|'4whLF. Virtual Organization?  Right! Just as only paying customers can plug into the electric power grid, only Grid partners can use Grid resources. Grid is intended for inter-organizational computing.T 2o MGBA  Specific Set of Technologies? Well, sort of: Any set of technologies that gets you to a workable virtual organization that manages compute and storage resources is a  Grid solution. However: There is a very specific set of technologies and techniques that are the outgrowth of the GGF: these are the ones we re focused on here. (Globus, GSI, etc) NOTE: This presentation uses  GGF to refer to the collection of technologies - and the dominant perspective - currently under discussion within the GGF.  ,82What software technologies?rGrid is mostly a build-your-own-solution affair: Some kind of meta-data catalogue(s) to find things Planner Scheduler Executor Data mover Security We ll examine these in detail below...Z1b'1b&KE0 Mostly build-your-own? $Yes, mostly you build a Grid yourself, component by component. There s only one exception: Science Tools BigSur System "! is the word s only turn-key, ready-to-go-in-a-day Grid system - but it s more than just Grid: Non-discipline-specific meta-data management for robust interoperability. Full, scientifically defensible tracking. The ability to configure in most any other Grid technology with no coding. Both inter- and intra-organizational focus. BigSur s patented & patent-pending technologies use a different paradigm to provide complete, end-to-end scientific computing.\ 2} 2j 2B  -jOHMeta-data cataloguesHThere s no standard, but every Grid has them. In GGF, there are two kinds: one, tailored to the application, takes a  predicate and returns a  logical list of needed resources a  Replica Catalogue takes that list and returns physical filenames Note that there s NO focus on grid-related meta-data - not in their paradigm! BigSur provides rich meta-data, is easily extensible, and can provide GGF style functionality.|K 2 2 2JN`PJPlanner The Planner is used to determine what processing to perform. GGF provides no standard but most implementations use a Directed Acyclic Graph - DAG. With GGF, there is no automation - this is a human activity. BigSur provides automation and permits cyclic processing.X>  yQK SchedulerWith GGF, a Scheduler moves files to compute hosts and works with an Executor to run jobs.  Condor (U.Wisc.) is the most popular scheduler GRAM (Globus) BigSur has a different paradigm: scheduling and executor functions are integrated transport of needed objects (files) is an integral part of running a process, not a discrete step prior to it[?" :?",g'RLExecutorThink  cron : Executors provide a means to run a job at the operating system level. (There s no implication of automation here.) GGF has no standard but several are available.  DAG Manager reads DAGs BigSur uses Daemons for this role: DaemonMasters"! control individual Daemons DemandEngine"! and EagerEngine"! dispatch jobs based on demand or automation rules${T,/# (3># nUO Data Movers ((Data movers move data between systems: GridFTP - Argonne National Labs  DataMover - Laurence Berkeley Labs Sabul - U. Illinois All the old favorites still work, like ftp and scp There are many Data Movers out there. Low level ones are often used by more sophisticated ones. f'a& ` P' =aSMData Movers (continued) With GGF, you code it all yourself: there s no automatic movement there s no tracking no caches no standard paradigm for when to move what where With BigSur, you configure  FileTransports : May be any Data Mover - no coding required Integrated support for Network-based file servers (e.g. nfs) Automatic fetching and caching of objects Full tracking of objects with fine-grained permissionsp$m-$m-,fcTNSecurityGGF only offers single-sign-on Authentication: GGF: GSI-GridMap, a Kerberos-like, certificate based authentication strategy, is most popular. GGF has nothing whatsoever to say on the subject of permissions - only authentications! BigSur provides full security: Single-sign-on - ONE user identity per user regardless of access point May use any/all: Kerberos, GridMap, SSH keys, MD5 passwords Strong, multiple simultaneous confirmation of systems and users Full, intuitive permissions strategy including individual object access permissions, project, installation and organizational policies and provides for code-less additions to the permissions scheme//uP8 !What s missing? (GGF is missing all of the following: Coordination and Status - no consolidated view Management - no Grid-wide management tools Monitoring - no live tracking of processes/objects Error recovery and workspace cleanup - no policies, no standards Process restartability Process management (code, etc) - no Grid-wide awareness of these Planning (workflow) - no automation, no Grid-wide awareness Saving of results (policy, standards) (including automated transports) Tracking - no recording of processing, object lineage or user activity Performance metrics - no process or network use metrics Data (disk) cache Permissions and Object Security BigSur provides built-in solutions to all of these needs.r% 2Z0(2:(2$Y :/XYZ[\]^_`a b c d e fghP  ` f3|` 3f3` ___>?" dd@,?lPd@  d " @ `"  n?" dd@   @@``PV    @ ` ` p>>  d\ ( @   Z?d @?R  s *?P` j  Bv2 @?PP   Z?'d @?  Ngֳgֳ ?P  T Click to edit Master title style! !.  H4gֳgֳ ?  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S  ZX1 ?   \*    `Ȯ1 ?PPo   Z*    `1 ?P o  \* B  s *޽h#6 ? ̙33 `<(  < < Z1 ?P   > Richard Troy   < Zp1 ?   \*  <  `l1 ?PPo   DThe BigSur Project  <  `<1 ?P o  \* H < 0޽h#6 ? ̙33C   u( Br    f^gֳgֳ ?  p     f_gֳgֳ ?  p0      f`1?P  {E 4200 Park Blvd. #151, Oakland CA 94602 510-717-6942 ScienceTools.comFF  C xA`U:\BEST\Publicity\Logos\sat_w_text_white_sm.gifH  B  s *޽h ? 3f3  p0$( -@ 0r 0 S ύP   r 0 S ЍPP  H 0 0޽h ? 3f3  (  l  C \΍ P   l  C ΍@ P  H  0޽h ? f3|  (  l  C P   l  C     H  0޽h ? f3|  (  l  C $ P   l  C    H  0޽h ? f3|  t(  tl t C P   l t C   H t 0޽h ? f3|  x(  xl x C x޺`P   l x C X    H x 0޽h ? f3|  $(  r  S P   r  S pP  H  0޽h ? 3f3  d(  dl d C  P   l d C      H d 0޽h ? f3|   (  l  C P   l  C      H  0޽h ? f3|   (  l  C P   l  C @   H  0޽h ? f3|   ( -@ l  C 4P   l  C d5  H  0޽h ? f3|    (  l  C AP   l  C HB   H  0޽h ? f3|   0( -@ l  C HP   l  C `I   H  0޽h ? f3|  @(  l  C gP   l  C @h   H  0޽h ? f3|  P(  l  C nP   l  C nP  H  0޽h ? f3|  `p( H  pl p C sP   l p C l   H p 0޽h ? 3f3 0   @ (  X  C        S d @     Presentation was delivered by Science Tools Chief Scientist, Richard Troy, at the 2005 ESIP Federation Winter Conference, January 4-6 2004. 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